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PFAS Contamination from Biosolids and Wastewater Sludge

Biosolids and wastewater sludge have become a growing environmental concern in PFAS investigations across the United States. Biosolids are nutrient-rich materials generated during the wastewater treatment process and are often used for agricultural, landscaping, and land application purposes. However, when wastewater treatment systems receive industrial discharges containing PFAS compounds, those chemicals may persist through portions of the treatment process and become concentrated in biosolids and sludge.

Because PFAS are highly resistant to degradation, they may remain in treated materials that are later applied to land or otherwise disposed of. As a result, environmental agencies, property owners, farmers, and municipalities have increased scrutiny of potential PFAS contamination associated with biosolid use and wastewater treatment operations.

PFAS contamination from biosolids and wastewater sludge may impact:

  • Sludge and residual waste materials
  • Agricultural and non-agricultural soils
  • Groundwater resources
  • Farmland and agricultural property
  • Rivers, streams, lakes, and nearby waterways

Potential concerns associated with PFAS-contaminated biosolids may include:

  • Groundwater contamination affecting drinking water supplies
  • Livestock exposure through contaminated water or feed sources
  • Crop contamination and potential impacts to agricultural production
  • Reduced property values and land-use limitations
  • Significant environmental investigation and remediation costs